1323
The Treaty of Pähkinäsaari between Sweden and Novgorod.
Under the treaty, the Oulu Region remained in Novgorod. The
River Oulujoki was the most important route north for
Novgorod and the conquered Karelian people, some of whom
became permanent residents.
1375
The Kastelli Castle was built on the mouth of the River
Oulujoki as a military base to protect Swedish interests
against Novgorod. People moved to Oulu from south-western
Finland in particular, encouraged, perhaps, by the Swedish
authorities. Swedish power was established.
1590
Pietari Bagge established Oulu Castle on the mouth of the
River Oulujoki, at a location with previous military
fortifications.
1595
The Treaty of Täyssinä between Sweden and Russia. Russia
recognised the Swedish title to Lake Oulujärvi and the Oulu
Region, for example.
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